Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism ?
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Answer: D. Option A is a feature: an independent judiciary settles Centre-State disputes. Option B is a feature: the Seventh Schedule divides powers into Union, State and Concurrent Lists. Option C is a feature: states get seats in the Rajya Sabha based on population, so representation is unequal. Option D is not a feature: Indian federation was not formed by an agreement among states; Article 1 calls India a 'Union of States', and states cannot leave it. So D.
Watch for: Watch for option D; it describes the American model, which students often assume applies to India.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Wrong because an independent judiciary is a feature of Indian federalism.
- B. Wrong because the Seventh Schedule clearly divides powers.
- C. Wrong because unequal Rajya Sabha representation is a feature of Indian federalism.
Source to check: Constitution of India, Article 1 and Seventh Schedule; NCERT Class 11 Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 7 'Federalism'
Answer from the official UPSC key. Written and fact-checked by AI against the official key. Spotted a mistake? Report it.