In the context of which one of the following are the terms 'pyrolysis and plasma gasification' mentioned?
Show answer
Answer: D. Pyrolysis (heating waste without oxygen) and plasma gasification (breaking waste down using very hot plasma) are technologies that turn waste, such as plastic and municipal solid waste, into fuel gas or energy.
Watch for: 'Gasification' makes students think of natural gas or hydrogen fuel.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Wrong because rare earths are extracted by mining and chemical separation, not these processes.
- B. Wrong because natural gas extraction uses drilling and fracking.
- C. Wrong because hydrogen vehicles use fuel cells; these terms refer to waste treatment.
Source to check: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Waste to Energy programme; Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
Answer from the official UPSC key. Written and fact-checked by AI against the official key. Spotted a mistake? Report it.