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Prelims 2021 · Q15 · RBI & monetary policy

In India, the central bank's function as the 'lender of last resort' usually refers to which of the following?

  1. 1.Lending to trade and industry bodies when they fail to borrow from other sources
  2. 2.Providing liquidity to the banks having a temporary crisis
  3. 3.Lending to governments to finance budgetary deficits

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Show answer

Answer: B. As lender of last resort, the central bank provides emergency liquidity to banks facing a temporary crunch, to stop panic in the banking system. It does not lend to trade and industry directly, and lending to governments is a separate function (banker to the government). So only 2.

Watch for: Do not mix lender of last resort with RBI's role as banker to the government.

Why the other options are wrong
  • A. Wrong because RBI does not lend directly to trade and industry as last resort.
  • C. Wrong because lending to governments is its banker-to-government role.
  • D. Wrong because lender of last resort is about banks, not government deficits.

Source to check: NCERT Class 12, Introductory Macroeconomics, Chapter 3 Money and Banking; RBI website (Functions)

Answer from the official UPSC key. Written and fact-checked by AI against the official key. Spotted a mistake? Report it.